Basic n'ibu Njirimara nke metal ihe

Ngwongwo nke ihe igwe na-ekewakarị ụzọ abụọ: arụmọrụ usoro na arụmọrụ ojiji.Ihe a na-akpọ usoro arụmọrụ na-ezo aka na arụmọrụ nke ihe igwe n'okpuru ọnọdụ nhazi oyi na ọkụ kpọmkwem n'oge mmepụta nke akụkụ ígwè ọrụ.Ogo nke usoro arụmọrụ nke ihe igwe na-ekpebi nhazi ya na nhazi na ịmepụta n'oge usoro mmepụta ihe.N'ihi ọnọdụ nhazi dị iche iche, ihe ndị a chọrọ na-arụ ọrụ dịkwa iche iche, dị ka nkedo ịrụ ọrụ, weldability, forgeability, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ arụmọrụ, igbutu processability, wdg Ihe a na-akpọ arụmọrụ na-ezo aka na arụmọrụ nke ígwè ihe n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ojiji. akụkụ ígwè ọrụ, nke na-agụnye ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, ihe onwunwe anụ ahụ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, wdg. Ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe ígwè na-ekpebi oke ojiji na ndụ ọrụ.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-eji akụkụ igwe n'ozuzu ya na okpomọkụ nkịtị, nrụgide nkịtị na mgbasa ozi na-adịghị emebi emebi, na n'oge eji, akụkụ nke ọ bụla ga-ebu ibu dị iche iche.A na-akpọ ikike nke ihe ọla iji guzogide mmebi n'okpuru ibu a na-akpọ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe (ma ọ bụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ).Ngwongwo ihe eji eme ihe nke ihe igwe bu ihe ndabere maka imewe na nhọrọ ihe nke akụkụ.Dabere na ọdịdị nke ibu etinyere (dị ka esemokwu, mkpakọ, torsion, mmetụta, ibu cyclic, wdg), ihe eji arụ ọrụ achọrọ maka ihe igwe ga-adịkwa iche.Njirimara igwe a na-ejikarị agụnye: ike, plasticity, hardness, hardness, multiple mmetụta nguzogide na oke ike ọgwụgwụ.A na-atụle akụrụngwa igwe ọ bụla iche iche n'okpuru.

1. Ike

Ike na-ezo aka n'ikike nke ihe igwe na-eguzogide mmebi (oke nrụrụ plastik ma ọ bụ mgbaji) n'okpuru ibu static.Ebe ọ bụ na ibu ahụ na-eme n'ụdị esemokwu, mkpakọ, na-ehulata, ịkwa osisi, wdg, a na-ekewakwa ike n'ime ike ike, ike mgbagwoju anya, ike mgbanwe, ike ịkwa akwa, wdg. A na-enwekarị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike dị iche iche.N'iji ya eme ihe, a na-ejikarị ike tensile eme ihe dị ka ndeksi ike kachasị.

2. Plasticity

Plasticity na-ezo aka n'ikike nke ihe igwe na-emepụta nrụrụ plastik (ngbanwe na-adịgide adịgide) na-enweghị mbibi n'okpuru ibu.

3.isi ike

Isi ike bụ ihe e ji egosi otú ihe igwe siri sie ike ma ọ bụ dị nro.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịlele ike n'ime mmepụta bụ usoro ntinye ike siri ike, nke na-eji ihe ntinye nke ụdị geometric dị iche iche na-agbanye n'elu ihe igwe a na-anwale n'okpuru otu ibu, na-atụkwa uru ike siri ike. dabere na ogo indentation.
Ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị gụnyere Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRA, HRB, HRC) na Vickers hardness (HV).

4. Ike ọgwụgwụ

Ike, plasticity, na ike siri ike a tụlere na mbụ bụ ihe ngosipụta arụmọrụ nke igwe dị n'okpuru ibu kwụ ọtọ.N'ezie, ọtụtụ akụkụ igwe na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ntinye cyclic, na ike ọgwụgwụ ga-eme na akụkụ ndị dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ.

5. Mmetụta siri ike

A na-akpọ ibu nke na-arụ ọrụ na akụkụ igwe na oke ọsọ ọsọ nke a na-akpọ mmetụta mmetụta, na ike nke metal iguzogide mmebi n'okpuru mmetụta mmetụta a na-akpọ mmetụta siri ike.