Basic n'ibu Njirimara nke metal ihe

Ngwongwo nke ihe igwe na-ekewakarị ụzọ abụọ: arụmọrụ usoro na arụmọrụ ojiji. Ihe a na-akpọ usoro arụmọrụ na-ezo aka na arụmọrụ nke ihe igwe n'okpuru ọnọdụ nhazi oyi na ọkụ kpọmkwem n'oge mmepụta nke akụkụ ígwè ọrụ. Ogo nke usoro arụmọrụ nke ihe igwe na-ekpebi nhazi ya na nhazi na ịmepụta n'oge usoro mmepụta ihe. N'ihi ọnọdụ nhazi dị iche iche, ihe ndị a chọrọ n'aka usoro dị iche iche, dị ka nkedo arụmọrụ, weldability, forgeability, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ arụmọrụ, ịcha processability, wdg The a na-akpọ arụmọrụ na-ezo aka arụmọrụ nke metal ihe n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke iji n'ibu akụkụ, nke na-agụnye n'ibu Njirimara, anụ ahụ Njirimara, chemical Njirimara, wdg The arụmọrụ nke metal ihe na-ekpebi ya nso nke ojiji na ndụ ọrụ.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-eji akụkụ igwe n'ozuzu ya na okpomọkụ nkịtị, nrụgide nkịtị na mgbasa ozi na-adịghị emebi emebi, na n'oge eji, akụkụ nke ọ bụla ga-ebu ibu dị iche iche. A na-akpọ ikike nke ihe ọla iji guzogide mmebi n'okpuru ibu a na-akpọ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe (ma ọ bụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ). Ngwongwo ihe eji eme ihe nke ihe igwe bu ihe ndabere maka imewe na nhọrọ ihe nke akụkụ. Dabere na ọdịdị nke ibu etinyere (dị ka esemokwu, mkpakọ, torsion, mmetụta, cyclic ibu, wdg), na-arụ ọrụ akụrụngwa chọrọ maka metal ihe ga-adịkwa iche. Njirimara igwe eji eme ihe gụnyere: ike, plasticity, hardness, hardness, multiple mmetụta nguzogide na oke ike ọgwụgwụ. A na-atụle akụrụngwa igwe ọ bụla iche iche n'okpuru.

1. Ike

Ike na-ezo aka n'ikike nke ihe igwe na-eguzogide mmebi (oke nrụrụ plastik ma ọ bụ mgbaji) n'okpuru ibu static. Ebe ọ bụ na ibu ahụ na-eme n'ụdị esemokwu, mkpakọ, na-ehulata, ịkwa osisi, wdg, a na-ekewakwa ike n'ime ike ike, ike mgbagwoju anya, ike mgbanwe, ike ịkwa akwa, wdg. A na-enwekarị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike dị iche iche. N'iji ya eme ihe, a na-ejikarị ike tensile eme ihe dị ka ndeksi ike kachasị.

2. Plasticity

Plasticity na-ezo aka n'ikike nke ihe igwe na-emepụta nrụrụ plastik (ngbanwe na-adịgide adịgide) na-enweghị mbibi n'okpuru ibu.

3.isi ike

Isi ike bụ ihe e ji egosi otú ihe igwe siri sie ike ma ọ bụ dị nro. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịlele ike na mmepụta bụ usoro ntinye ike nke indentation, nke na-eji ihe ntinye nke ụfọdụ ọdịdị geometric na-abanye n'ime elu nke ihe igwe a na-anwale n'okpuru otu ibu, a na-atụkwa uru ike siri ike dabere na ogo ntinye.
Ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị gụnyere Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRA, HRB, HRC) na Vickers hardness (HV).

4. Ike ọgwụgwụ

Ike, plasticity, na ike siri ike a tụlere na mbụ bụ ihe ngosipụta arụmọrụ nke igwe dị n'okpuru ibu kwụ ọtọ. N'ezie, ọtụtụ akụkụ igwe na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ntinye cyclic, na ike ọgwụgwụ ga-eme na akụkụ ndị dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ.

5. Mmetụta siri ike

A na-akpọ ibu nke na-arụ ọrụ na akụkụ igwe na oke ọsọ ọsọ nke a na-akpọ mmetụta mmetụta, na ike nke metal iguzogide mmebi n'okpuru mmetụta mmetụta a na-akpọ mmetụta siri ike.