A na-akpọ ike nke ihe metal iji gbochie ntinye nke elu site na ihe siri ike. Dị ka usoro ule dị iche iche na ngwa ngwa si dị, enwere ike kewaa isi ike n'ime brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, Shore hardness, microhardness na elu okpomọkụ ike. Enwere hardnesses atọ a na-ejikarị maka ọkpọkọ: Brinell, Rockwell, na Vickers hardness.
A. Brinell hardness (HB)
Jiri bọọlụ nchara ma ọ bụ bọọlụ carbide nke otu dayameta ka ịpịnye n'elu ihe nlele site na iji ike nnwale akọwapụtara (F). Mgbe oge ejidere akọwapụtara, wepụ ike nnwale wee tụọ dayameta indentation (L) n'elu nlele. Uru hardness brinell bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ enwetara site n'ikewa ike nnwale site n'akụkụ elu nke oghere etinyere. Egosiputara ya na HBS (bọọlụ igwe), nkeji ahụ bụ N/mm2 (MPa).
Usoro mgbako bụ:
N'ime usoro: F - ike ule a na-agbanye n'ime elu nke ihe nlere igwe, N;
D - Dayameta nke bọọlụ nchara maka ule, mm;
d-nkezi dayameta nke indentation, mm.
Ntụle nke Brinell siri ike bụ nke ziri ezi na ntụkwasị obi, mana n'ozuzu HBS dabara adaba naanị maka ihe igwe dị n'okpuru 450N/mm2 (MPa), ọ dịghịkwa mma maka ígwè siri ike ma ọ bụ efere dị nro. N'etiti ụkpụrụ ọkpọkọ ígwè, Brinell hardness bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. A na-ejikarị dayameta indentation d na-egosipụta ike nke ihe ahụ, nke dị mma ma dị mma.
Ọmụmaatụ: 120HBS10/1000130: Ọ pụtara na ọnụ ahịa ike ike Brinell tụrụ site na iji bọọlụ nchara dayameta 10mm n'okpuru ike nnwale nke 1000Kgf (9.807KN) maka 30s (sekọnd) bụ 120N/mm2 (MPa).
B. Rockwell hardness (HR)
Nnwale ike ike Rockwell, dị ka ule siri ike nke Brinell, bụ usoro ule indentation. Ihe dị iche bụ na ọ na-atụle omimi nke indentation. Nke ahụ bụ, n'okpuru usoro usoro nke ike nnwale mbụ (Fo) na ike nnwale zuru oke (F), a na-agbanye indenter (cone ma ọ bụ bọọlụ nchara nke igwe igwe) n'elu ihe nlele. Mgbe oge ejidere akọwapụtara, a na-ewepụ ike isi. Nwale ike, jiri mmụba omimi indentation a tụrụ atụpụtara (e) iji gbakọọ uru ike ike. Uru ya bụ ọnụọgụ na-amaghị aha, nke akara HR nọchiri anya ya, na akpịrịkpa ejiri gụnyere akpịrịkpa 9, gụnyere A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, na K. N'ime ha, akpịrịkpa ndị a na-ejikarị eme ígwè. Nnwale ike siri ike na-abụkarị A, B, na C, ya bụ HRA, HRB, na HRC.
A na-agbakọ uru ike siri ike site na iji usoro a:
Mgbe a na-anwale ya na akpịrịkpa A na C, HR = 100-e
Mgbe a na-anwale ọnụ ọgụgụ B, HR = 130-e
N'ime usoro ahụ, e - a na-egosipụta mmụba omimi ihe fọdụrụ na nkeji 0.002mm, ya bụ, mgbe ntụgharị axial nke indenter bụ otu unit (0.002mm), ọ bụ otu mgbanwe na Rockwell hardness site na otu. nọmba. Ọnụ ahịa e buru ibu, na-ebelata ike nke ígwè ahụ, na nke ọzọ.
Oghere ọdabara nke akpịrịkpa atọ a dị n'elu bụ nke a:
HRA (diamond cone indenter) 20-88
HRC (indenter cone diamond) 20-70
HRB (dayameta 1.588mm ígwè bọọlụ indenter) 20-100
Nnwale hardness Rockwell bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a, n'ime nke a na-eji HRC na ụkpụrụ ọkpọkọ ígwè nke abụọ na Brinell hardness HB. Enwere ike iji hardness Rockwell tụọ ihe igwe si na oke dị nro ruo na nke siri ike. Ọ na-eme ka adịghị ike nke usoro Brinell. Ọ dị mfe karịa usoro Brinell na uru siri ike nwere ike ịgụ ya ozugbo site na ọkpụkpọ nke igwe siri ike. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ntakịrị ntinye ya, uru siri ike adịghị mma dịka usoro Brinell.
C. Vickers hardness (HV)
Nnwale ike ike nke Vickers bụkwa usoro nnwale indentation. Ọ na-akụ ihe ntinye diamond pyramidal square nwere akụkụ agụnyere 1360 n'etiti ihe ndị na-abụghị nke elu n'ime ule ule na ike nnwale ahọpụtara (F), wee wepụ ya mgbe oge ejidere akọwapụtara. Ike, tụọ ogologo diagonal abụọ nke indentation.
Uru siri ike nke Vickers bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ike nnwale kewara site na mpaghara indentation nke elu. Usoro mgbako ya bụ:
Na usoro: HV-Vickers akara ike ike, N/mm2 (MPa);
F-nnwale ike, N;
d-mkpụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke diagonal abụọ nke indentation, mm.
Nnwale ule F eji na ike Vickers bụ 5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (196.1), 30 (294.2), 50 (490.3), 100 (980.7) Kgf (N) na ọkwa isii ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike tụọ uru nke ike siri ike nke oke bụ 5 ~ 1000HV.
Ọmụmaatụ nke usoro okwu: 640HV30/20 pụtara na Vickers hardness uru tụrụ na a ule ike nke 30Hgf (294.2N) maka 20S (sekọnd) bụ 640N/mm2 (MPa).
Enwere ike iji usoro ike siri ike nke Vickers chọpụta ịdị ike nke ihe ọla dị gịrịgịrị na elu elu. Ọ nwere uru bụ isi nke usoro Brinell na Rockwell wee merie adịghị ike ha, mana ọ dịghị mfe dịka usoro Rockwell. A naghị eji usoro Vickers eme ihe na ụkpụrụ ọkpọkọ ígwè.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-03-2024