A na-akpọ ike nke ihe ígwè iji guzogide nbata nke elu site na ihe siri ike. Dịka ụzọ nnwale na oke ngwa dị iche iche si dị, enwere ike kewaa ike ahụ n'ime ike Brinell, ike Rockwell, ike Vickers, ike Shore, ike microhardness na ike okpomọkụ dị elu. E nwere ike iji ike atọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka paịpụ: ike Brinell, ike Rockwell, na ike Vickers.
A. Ike siri ike nke Brinell (HB)
Jiri bọọlụ ígwè ma ọ bụ bọọlụ carbide nke nwere dayameta ụfọdụ pịa n'elu ihe nlele ahụ site na iji ike nnwale akọwapụtara (F). Mgbe oge njide akọwapụtara gasịrị, wepụ ike nnwale ahụ ma tụọ dayameta ntinye (L) n'elu ihe nlele ahụ. Uru siri ike nke Brinell bụ oke nke enwetara site na ikewa ike nnwale ahụ site na mpaghara elu nke oghere ntinye. E gosipụtara ya na HBS (bọọlụ ígwè), nkeji ahụ bụ N/mm2 (MPa).
Usoro ngụkọ bụ:
N'ime usoro a: F–ike nnwale a pịnyere n'elu ihe nlele ígwè ahụ, N;
D–Data nke bọọlụ ígwè maka nnwale, mm;
d–nkezi dayameta nke mgbada, mm.
Ntụle nke ike Brinell ziri ezi ma dịkwa mma karịa, mana n'ozuzu, HBS dabara naanị maka ihe ígwè dị n'okpuru 450N/mm2 (MPa), ọ dịghịkwa mma maka efere ígwè siri ike ma ọ bụ nke dị gịrịgịrị. N'etiti ụkpụrụ paịpụ ígwè, ike Brinell bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. A na-ejikarị dayameta indentation d egosipụta ike nke ihe ahụ, nke dị mfe nghọta ma dịkwa mfe nghọta.
Ihe atụ: 120HBS10/1000130: Ọ pụtara na uru siri ike nke Brinell site na iji bọọlụ ígwè nke dayameta 10mm n'okpuru ike nnwale nke 1000Kgf (9.807KN) maka 30s (sekọnd) bụ 120N/mm2 (MPa).
B. Ike siri ike nke Rockwell (HR)
Nnwale ike Rockwell, dịka ule ike Brinell, bụ usoro nnwale ntinye. Ihe dị iche bụ na ọ na-atụ omimi nke ntinye. Ya bụ, n'okpuru usoro nke ike nnwale mbụ (Fo) na ike nnwale zuru oke (F), a na-etinye ntinye (kọn ma ọ bụ bọọlụ ígwè nke igwe ígwè) n'elu ihe nlele ahụ. Mgbe oge njide akọwapụtara gasịrị, a na-ewepụ ike isi. Ike nnwale, jiri mmụba omimi ntinye fọdụrụ (e) gbakọọ uru ike. Uru ya bụ nọmba ahaghị aha, nke akara HR nọchitere anya ya, ihe nha ejiri mee gụnyere ihe nha 9, gụnyere A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, na K. N'ime ha, ihe nha a na-ejikarị eme nnwale ike ígwè bụ A, B, na C, ya bụ HRA, HRB, na HRC.
A na-agbakọ uru siri ike site na iji usoro a:
Mgbe a na-anwale ya site na iji nha A na C, HR = 100-e
Mgbe a na-anwale ya site na iji nha B, HR=130-e
N'ime usoro ahụ, e - a na-egosipụta mmụba omimi ntinye ihe fọdụrụ na nkeji akọwapụtara nke 0.002mm, ya bụ, mgbe mgbanwe axial nke ntinye ihe bụ otu nkeji (0.002mm), ọ bụ otu nhata mgbanwe na ike Rockwell site na otu ọnụọgụgụ. Ka uru e buru ibu, otú ahụ ka ike nke ígwè ahụ na-ebelata, na nke ọzọ.
Oke uru nke nha atọ dị n'elu bụ dị ka ndị a:
HRA (ihe ntinye nke kone diamond) 20-88
HRC (ihe ntinye nke kone diamond) 20-70
HRB (dayameta 1.588mm ígwè bọọlụ indeter) 20-100
Nnwale ike Rockwell bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a, nke gụnyere HRC na ọkọlọtọ paịpụ ígwè nke na-esote Brinell hardness HB. Enwere ike iji ike Rockwell tụọ ihe ígwè site na nke dị nro ruo nke siri ike. Ọ na-emeju adịghị ike nke usoro Brinell. Ọ dị mfe karịa usoro Brinell, enwere ike ịgụ uru ike ozugbo site na dial nke igwe siri ike. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi obere ntinye ya, uru ike adịghị mma dịka usoro Brinell.
C. Ike siri ike nke Vickers (HV)
Nnwale siri ike nke Vickers bụkwa ụzọ nnwale ntinye. Ọ na-agbanye ihe nrịbama pyramidal square nke nwere akụkụ 1360 n'etiti elu ndị dị iche iche n'ime elu nnwale ahụ na ike nnwale ahọpụtara (F), wee wepụ ya mgbe oge njide akọwapụtara gasịrị. Manye, tụọ ogologo nke diagonal abụọ nke ntinye ahụ.
Uru ike Vickers bụ oke nke ike nnwale kewara site na mpaghara elu ebe a na-etinye ihe. Usoro ngụkọ ya bụ:
N'ime usoro ahụ: akara ike HV–Vickers, N/mm2 (MPa);
Ike nnwale F–Nnwale, N;
d–mkpụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke diagonal abụọ nke mgbada ahụ, mm.
Ike nnwale F ejiri mee ihe na ike Vickers bụ 5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (196.1), 30 (294.2), 50 (490.3), 100 (980.7) Kgf (N) na ọkwa isii ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịtụ uru siri ike. Oke ya bụ 5~1000HV.
Ihe atụ nke usoro ngosipụta: 640HV30/20 pụtara na uru siri ike Vickers nke ejiri ike nnwale nke 30Hgf (294.2N) tụọ maka 20S (sekọnd) bụ 640N/mm2 (MPa).
Enwere ike iji usoro siri ike nke Vickers chọpụta ike nke ihe ígwè dị gịrịgịrị na oyi akwa elu. O nwere uru ndị bụ isi nke usoro Brinell na Rockwell ma merie adịghị ike ha bụ isi, mana ọ dịghị mfe dịka usoro Rockwell. A naghị eji usoro Vickers eme ihe na ọkọlọtọ paịpụ ígwè.
Oge ozi: Eprel-03-2024
