Cold ọrụ anwụ ígwè na-tumadi ji stamping, blanking, akpụ, ekwe, oyi extrusion, oyi ịbịaru, ntụ ntụ metallurgy anwụ, wdg Ọ na-achọ elu ekweghị ekwe, elu eyi na-eguzogide na zuru ezu toughness. A na-ekekarị ya ụzọ abụọ: ụdị izugbe na ụdị pụrụ iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrụ oyi na-atụ n'ozuzu anwụ nchara na United States na-agụnyekarị akara akara nchara anọ: 01, A2, D2, na D3. Ntụnyere nke akara nchara nke izugbe-nzube oyi na-arụ ọrụ alloy die steel na mba dị iche iche na-egosi na Tebụl 4. Dị ka ọkọlọtọ Japanese JIS si dị, isi ụdị ọrụ oyi na-anwụ anwụ nke nwere ike iji bụ usoro SK, gụnyere usoro SK. carbon ngwá ọrụ ígwè, 8 SKD usoro alloy ngwá ọrụ steels, na 9 SKHMO usoro elu-ọsọ ígwè, maka ngụkọta nke 24 ígwè akara ule. China GB/T1299-2000 alloy tool steel ọkọlọtọ gụnyere ngụkọta nke ụdị nchara 11, na-akpụ usoro zuru oke. Site na mgbanwe na teknụzụ nhazi, ihe ndị a na-emezigharị na ọchịchọ maka ịkpụzi, usoro nke mbụ enweghị ike izute mkpa. Japanese ígwè igwe igwe na isi European ngwá ọrụ na-anwụ anwụ ígwè emepụta nwere mepụtara pụrụ iche-nzube oyi ọrụ anwụ ígwè, na nke nta nke nta kpụrụ akwanyere oyi ọrụ anwụ ígwè usoro, mmepe nke ndị a oyi na-arụ ọrụ anwụ steels bụkwa mmepe ntụziaka nke oyi ọrụ anwụ ígwè.
Low alloy ikuku quenching oyi ọrụ anwụ ígwè
Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, karịsịa ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe, iji belata nrụrụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma, a na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta obere ikuku na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na ụlọ na mba ọzọ. Ụdị nchara a na-achọ ezigbo ike ike na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ Ọ nwere obere nrụrụ, ike dị mma na ike siri ike, ma nwee ụfọdụ nkwụsị na-eyi. Ọ bụ ezie na ọkọlọtọ elu-alloy oyi ọrụ anwụ ígwè (dị ka D2, A2) nwere ezigbo hardening, ọ nwere nnukwu alloy ọdịnaya na dị oké ọnụ. Ya mere, a na-emepụta ụfọdụ ígwè ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị ala ala n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ. Ụdị nchara a na-enwekarị ihe alloy Cr na Mn alloy element iji meziwanye ike ike. Ngụkọta ọdịnaya nke ihe alloy bụ n'ozuzu <5%. Ọ dị mma maka ịmepụta akụkụ ziri ezi na obere obere mmepụta ihe. Mgbagwoju anya ebu. Ngosipụta nchara nnochite anya gụnyere A6 sitere na United States, ACD37 sitere na Hitachi Metals, G04 sitere na Daido Special Steel, AKS3 sitere na Aichi Steel, wdg. Chinese GD ígwè, mgbe quenching na 900 ° C na tempering na 200 ° C, nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe a ụfọdụ ego. nke austenite ejigidere ma nwee ezigbo ike, ike na nkwụsi ike akụkụ. Enwere ike iji ya mee ka stampụ oyi na-anwụ anwụ nke na-enwekarị mgbawa na mgbaji. Ndụ ọrụ dị elu.
Ọkụ nchara agbanyụọ
Iji mee ka usoro mmepụta ihe dị mkpụmkpụ dị mkpụmkpụ, mee ka usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị mfe, chekwaa ike ma belata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ihe. Japan ewepụtala ụfọdụ ígwè ọrụ oyi pụrụ iche maka igbu ọkụ chọrọ. Ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, wdg China emepụtala 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Enwere ike iji ụdị ígwè a na-ekpo ọkụ agụba ma ọ bụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ọkpụkpụ ahụ site na iji égbè oxyacetylene ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe a na-edozi ihe ọkpụkpụ ahụ wee mee ka ikuku dị jụụ ma menyụọ. N'ozuzu, enwere ike iji ya ozugbo emechara. N'ihi usoro ya dị mfe, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na Japan. Ụdị nchara nke na-anọchite anya ụdị ígwè a bụ 7CrSiMnMoV, nke nwere ike siri ike. Mgbe ígwè φ80mm na-emenyụ mmanụ, ike dị n'ebe dị anya nke 30mm site n'elu nwere ike iru 60HRC. Ihe dị iche na ike siri ike n'etiti isi na elu bụ 3HRC. Mgbe ọkụ quenching, Mgbe preheating na 180 ~ 200 Celsius C na kpo oku na 900-1000 ° C maka quenching na a ịgba egbe, ike ike iru n'elu 60HRC na a obi tara mmiri oyi akwa n'elu 1.5mm nwere ike nweta.
Elu siri ike, akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi oyi na-arụ ọrụ anwụ nchara
Iji meziwanye ike nke ọrụ oyi na-anwụ anwụ ma belata nkwụsị nkwụsị nke ígwè ahụ, ụfọdụ ndị isi mba ọzọ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta usoro nke ọrụ oyi na-anwụ anwụ nke nwere ma elu siri ike na elu na-eguzogide. Ụdị ígwè a n'ozuzu nwere ihe dị ka 1% carbon na 8% Cr. Na mgbakwunye nke Mo, V, Si na ihe ndị ọzọ alloying, carbides ya dị mma, na-ekesa nke ọma, na ike ya dị elu karịa nke ụdị ígwè Cr12, ebe nguzogide iyi ya yiri. . Isi ike ha, ike mgbanwe, ike ike ọgwụgwụ na mgbaji siri ike dị elu, na nkwụsi ike ha na-egbochi ọkụ dịkwa elu karịa ụdị Crl2 ụdị ebu ígwè. Ha na-adabara maka ịkụ ọkpọ na-agba ọsọ na ọtụtụ ọdụ ọdụ. Ụdị nchara na-anọchite anya ụdị ígwè a bụ DC53 nke Japan nwere ọdịnaya V dị ala yana CRU-WEAR nwere ọdịnaya V dị elu. A na-emenyụ DC53 na 1020-1040 ° C na ike nwere ike iru 62-63HRC mgbe ikuku jụrụ oyi. Ọ nwere ike na-ewe iwe na ala okpomọkụ (180 ~ 200 ℃) na elu okpomọkụ tempering (500 ~ 550 ℃), ya siri ike nwere ike ịbụ 1 ugboro elu karịa D2, na ike ọgwụgwụ arụmọrụ bụ 20% elu karịa D2; Mgbe CRU-WEAR kpụchara ma tụgharịa, a na-ewepụ ya ma kwado ya na 850-870 ℃. Ihe na-erughị 30 ℃ / awa, mma ka 650 ℃ na tọhapụrụ, ndị ekweghị ekwe nwere ike iru 225-255HB, na quenching okpomọkụ nwere ike họrọ na nso nke 1020 ~ 1120 ℃, ike ike iru 63HRC, iwe na 480 ~ 570 ℃ dị ka na ọnọdụ ojiji, na nke abụọ doro anya Mmetụta siri ike, eyi nguzogide na ike dị mma karịa D2.
Isi ígwè (High-speed steel)
A na-eji ígwè dị elu mee ihe na mba ọzọ iji rụpụta ihe arụ ọrụ dị elu, ogologo ndụ oyi na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi nkwụsi ike ya dị mma na nke siri ike na-acha uhie uhie, dị ka ọkọlọtọ Japan zuru oke nchara SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Iji mee ka ihe ndị a chọrọ n'akpụkpọ ahụ dịkwuo mma, a na-emeziwanye ike ahụ site n'ibelata okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, nkwụsị ike ma ọ bụ ibelata ọdịnaya carbon na ígwè dị elu. A na-emepụta ígwè matrix site na nchara dị elu, na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ya na ihe mejupụtara matriks nke ígwè dị elu mgbe ọ kwụsịrị. Ya mere, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbide fọdụrụnụ mgbe quenching dị ntakịrị ma kesaa ya nke ọma, nke na-eme ka ịdị ike nke ígwè dịkwuo mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ígwè dị elu. United States na Japan ji akara akara VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 na MOD2 mụọ nchara nchara na mbido 1970s. Na nso nso a, DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, wdg ka emepụtara. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ oyi na-achọ ike siri ike na nkwụsi ike ka mma. China ewepụtala ụfọdụ nchara, dịka 65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi na igwe ndị ọzọ. Ụdị ígwè a nwere ike dị mma na ịdị ike ma na-ejikarị eme ihe na oyi extrusion, nnukwu efere oyi ọkpọ, eriri na-agbagharị ụkwụ, mmetụta na-anwụ anwụ, isi oyi na-anwụ, wdg, a pụkwara iji ya mee ka ọkụ ọkụ na-anwụ.
Powder metallurgy ebu ígwè
LEDB-ụdị elu-alloy oyi ọrụ anwụ ígwè arụpụtara site ot Filiks, karịsịa nnukwu-ngalaba ihe, nwere keadighi rarii eutectic carbides na-enweghị nkesa nkesa, nke kpọrọ ihe na-ebelata ike, grindability na isotropy nke ígwè. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nchara pụrụ iche nke mba ọzọ nke na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ ma na-anwụ anwụ na-etinye uche n'ịmepụta usoro ntụ ntụ metallurgy ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na nnukwu alloy die steel, nke mere ka ọganihu ngwa ngwa nke ụdị ígwè a. N'iji usoro metallurgy ntụ ntụ, ntụ ntụ atomized na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa na carbides kpụrụ dị mma na otu, nke na-eme ka ike sie ike, gri na isotropy nke ihe eji eme ihe. N'ihi usoro mmepụta a pụrụ iche, ndị carbides dị mma ma dị mma, a na-emeziwanye ike na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-ekwe ka carbon na vanadium dị elu na-agbakwunye na ígwè, si otú a na-emepụta usoro nke ụdị ígwè ọhụrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro DEX nke Japan nke Datong (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, wdg), Hitachi Metal's HAP series, Fujikoshi's FAX series, UDDEHOLM's VANADIS series, France's Erasteel's ASP series, na American CRUCIBLE ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ntụ ntụ ngwa ngwa ma na-anwụ anwụ ngwa ngwa. . N'ịmepụta usoro nchara ntụ ntụ dị ka CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, wdg, a na-emewanye nguzogide ha na ịdị ike ha ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwá ọrụ ma nwụọ nchara site na usoro nkịtị.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-02-2024